Public Health Proposal The WritePass Journal

Public Health Proposal Introduction Public Health Proposal ) showed that ethnicity is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), a form of chronic respiratory disease, interestingly, the disease was seen less prevalent in people of Asian and African origin compared to White people. One reason behind this could be that in their study, White people were recorded to be active chain smokers compared to Asian and African people, which was the another major finding in their study. Thus, it still seems unclear what could be the major factor for high prevalence of respiratory disease in Newham where majority of people are of Asian and African origin and demands further study. Harriss and Salway (2008) suggested the social and economic consequences of long-term illnesses including cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, arthritis and mental disease for deprived groups and ethnic minority group. They suggested that these groups have the highest rates of long term illnesses, which further provides the rationale behind high rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease in Newham population. However, the finding was contradictory in a study by Pavalin (2007) who comparatively studied the socio-economic inequalities in health between Newham and UK. The study suggested that despite having higher prevalence of poor health and high service use, the relative effects of socio-economic inequalities to be similar to those in the UK, suggesting no major impact of socio-economic inequalities in the health of people living in Newham. Newham also has a high rate of communicable diseases. The rate of HIV infection in Newham is high (0.56%). This figure is significantly higher than in England (0.11%). Not surprisingly, 65% of infected are black Africans. Other infectious diseases including tuberculosis, measles, mumps, salmonella, hepatitis A and B are higher in Newham. Overall, the rate of communicable disease in Newham is found to be 124 per 100,000 (NHS Newham, 2011). Other health issues associated with obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity are also found to be high in Newham population (NHS Newham, 2011). Analysis After having reviewed the available literature and reports on Newham and its associated problems, the following data have been collected for analysis. Table 1 shows the comparative details of employment status of Newham residents in 2011-2012 Table 1: Employment status of Newham population, London and Great Britain (Aston-Mansfield’s report, 2013). % Newham London Great Britain Economically active 67.7 75.5 76.7 In employment 57.2 68.6 70.5 Employees 48.6 56.3 60.5 Self-employed 7.8 11.9 9.6 Unemployed (model-based) 13.7 8.9 7.9 The comparative data for life expectancy in Newham, London, England and UK population is shown in table 2. Table 2: Life expectancy comparison of Newham population with London, England and UK population (Aston-Mansfield’s report, 2013).    Female Life Expectancy Male Life Expectancy Newham 81.1 76.2 London 83.3 79.0 England 82.6 78.6 UK 82.3 78.2 Table 3 compares the occupations of Newham people with occupations of people in London and overall in Great Britain. Table 3: Occupations of people living in Newham, London and Great Britain (Aston-Mansfield’s report, 2013). %      Newham London Great Britain Soc 2010 major group 1-3 33.3 54.6 43.5 1 Managers, directors and senior officials 6.0 11.6 10.1 2 Professional occupations 18.5 24.8 19.1 3 Associate professional technical 8.5 17.9 14.0 Soc 2010 major group 4-5 24.5 18.1 21.9 4 Administrative secretarial 13.0 10.6 11.0 5 Skilled trades occupations 11.3 7.4 10.8 Soc 2010 major group 6-7 18.7 13.6 17.3 6 Caring, leisure and Other Service occupations 10.6 7.2 9.1 7 Sales and customer service occupations 7.9 6.3 8.1 Soc 2010 major group 8-9 23.5 13.7 17.4 8 Process plant machine operatives 5.7 4.5 6.4 9 Elementary occupations 17.6 9.1 10.9    The boroughs with the highest rates of premature death are all in the Inner East South   Lambeth,  Islington,  Hackney  and  Tower Hamlets  all have rates above 210 per 100,000. Newham stays on the sixth highest position in high premature death rate among all the boroughs (Trust for London and  New Policy Institute, 2010). Figure1: Comparison of premature death in different boroughs in UK    Recommendations It seems that health issues of Newham people are lot more serious compared to some other cities in the UK. Thus, individual issue needs to be addressed to minimize the mortality associated with poor health in Newham.   Furthermore, population growth, unemployment and poverty are some of the additional factors that have impacted on the health of Newham people. Government should create more job opportunities that will help to reduce the poverty and maintain a standard quality life.   Public health polices, plans and strategies need to be implemented to solve the major issues of premature death and infectious diseases. Some of these approaches could be encouraging people for routine vaccinations for major infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Moreover, to minimize the deaths associated with cardiovascular disease, people should be encouraged to quit smoking, eat healthy diet, perform daily physical exercise and advise ways to control diabetes and high blood pressure. REFERECNES Claydon, A, Richards, D.C and Hill, M. (2013).Article.  Living with diabetes: A qualitative review of minority ethnic groups in a deprived London borough.  17(3), 95-100. Harriss, K and Salway, S. (2008). Better Health Briefing 8.  Long-term ill health, poverty and ethnicity. Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2011). Research article.  Cardiovascular multimorbidity: the effect of ethnicity on prevalence and risk factor management.  61(586), 262-270. Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2012). Research.  Effect of ethnicity on the prevalence, severity, andmanagement of COPD in general practice. 76-81 NHS Newham, 2010. Joint strategic need assessment.The London Borough of Newham.Avalable at: newham.info/Custom/JSNA/Chapter13HealthyNewham.pdf Newham, London Local Economic Assessment 2010 to 20279, 2010. Newham London Regeneration panning and property directorate. Available at: newham.info/Custom/LEA/Demographics.pdf. Pevalin, D.J. (2007). Public health.  Socio-economic inequalities in health and service utilization in the London Borough of Newham.  121, 596-602 Punthakee, Z, Werstuck, G.H and Gerstein, H.C. (2007).Reviews in cardiovascular medicine.Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: explaining the relationship.  8(3), 145-153. Snell-Bergeon, J.K and Wadwa, R.P. (2012).Diabetes technology and therapeuitcs.  Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.  14(1), 51-58. The Londons Poverty Profile . 2012.  Premature death by borough. [ONLINE] Available at:londonspovertyprofile.org.uk/indicators/topics/health/premature-death-by-borough/. [Accessed 01 December 13]. Walker, R, et.al. (2012). Diabetic medicine.  Introducing personalized care planning into Newham: outcomes of a pilot project.29(8), 1074-1078.